Know your Heroes
-
From Narendranath to Swam...
Know Your HerosFrom Narendranath to Swami Vivekananda Naren was walking past the Vivekananda Illam in Chennai (a city in India) with his dad. He saw a festive look and beautiful posters in the vicinity. He also saw a few posters that mentioned the name Narendranath. Naren turned to his dad and asked “Dad, who is this person, Narendranath? He has my name in long format.” His father laughed and said, “Naren, he does not have your name in long format. You have his name in short format. In fact, your mom and I had named you after him.”Now Naren’s curiosity was aroused. He said “Is it? Who is this person? Was he famous? Tell me about him.”Naren’s dad took him to a shaded bench in the beach and sat down. He started to tell him about Swami Vivekananda.“Naren, you should be proud. You are named after one of the greatest thinkers of this century both in India and world over. He was a writer, philosopher and most importantly a leader who inspired thousands to follow his path. We celebrate his birthday 12th of January as National Youth Day”Narent said “Dad, this sounds interesting but tell me more. Who were his parents? What did he do? Why did he become famous and was able to inspire so many people.”Naren’s dad was happy to oblige him. Vivekananda was born as Narendranath in 1863 in Kolkatta in an affluent family. His father Vishwanath Datta was an attorney at the Calcutta High Court. His mother Bhuvaneshwari Devi was a pious woman who was a home maker.As a boy Naren was curious and serious. One of the stories of his childhood goes that he used to play with his friends a game of Who can meditate the longest?Once when Narendranath was playing this game with his friends, a cobra came amongst their midst. All the other boys who weren’t concentrating enough scattered. They called out to Narendranath (who they called as Biley) “Biley, there is a big snake. Run, run.” But Narendranath did not open his eyes. He kept them closed and was deep in meditation. The snake looked at the boy for a few minutes and then went its way. The serious Narendranath grew up curious about who he was and his place in the world. It is also believed that he had certain mystical experiences and those led him to seek answers. Narendranath, saw too much suffering around him and started questioning the notion of God and religion that makes people suffer so much. He looked for a Guru who could give him those answers. He searched for this Guru and mentor by reading more, talking to more people and learning more.This quest led him to his Guru the mystic Ramakrishna, an ardent devotee of Kali. The young, rational and Brahmo Samaji, Narendranath found it difficult to reconcile his rationality with the mystical practices of an illiterate Ramakrishna. Ramakrishna followed the path of complete surrender and devotion.Over time and after certain divine experiences thanks to the blessings of his Guru, Narendranath became an ardent disciple of his Guru, Ramakrishna. (It is said that once Narendranath asked his Guru to show him the God if he had seen God. Ramakrishna touched him and blessed. Then he asked him to go to the temple that day with an open heart and mind and lo and behold, Narendranath saw Goddess Kaali in her complete glory.)The Guru and disciple became so close that in 1886 Narendranath became a monk under the guidance of Ramakrishna. He became the successor to his Guru with a name Vivkeanand.Travel and TeachingsVivekananda started travelling the nation exploring and explaining his thoughts on religion, society and many other issues. During his travels he interacted with multitudes from all walks of life.Armed with his religious and spiritual knowledge and his ground level understanding of Hindus, Swami Vivekananda travelled to Chicago to address the Worlds Parliament of Religions in 1893. He spoke on Hinduism and his speech in the conference was hailed as one of the most powerful at the event and became iconic. He became a sensation in the USA for his clarity of thought, compassion and power of oration.Swami Vivekananda toured the USA and London propounding his thoughts that gathered lots of followers.Setting up of the Ramakrishna MissionUpon his return to India, Swami Vivekananda set up the Ramakrishna Mission Association at Kolkatta. This organisation branched out to become one of the most respected institutions imparting knowledge and philosophy to the young and old alike.Swami Vivekananda died at a very young age of 39 leaving behind an unmatched legacy. The Ramakrishna Mission that today manages many institutions and does great service in the areas of education, health and social welfare is a standing ovation to the great Guru Ramakrishna and his erudite disciple Swami Vivekananda. Such unparalleled achievement at 39 is unthinkable. No wonder National Youth Day is celebrated in his memory.Memorable quotes from VivekanandaØ Arise! Awake! and stop not until the goal is reached.Ø We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care about what you think. Words are secondary. Thoughts live; they travel farØ The whole secret of existence is to have no fear. Never fear what will become of you, depend on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.Naren listened to his father’s tale spell bound. He suddenly got up and hugged his father. “Thank you for naming me after Narendranath.” His father smiled and said “Now lets got into Vivkananda House and see some of the books.” Father and son went their way.
-
Jaswantiben Jamnadas Popa...
Shakthis Who Shaped our Society#9 Jaswantiben Jamnadas Popat – An entrepreneur It was a hot humid afternoon in 1959 in Mumbai. A large joint fam lived in a small apartment. The men were doing work but the women wanted to do something to supplement the income in order to improve their lot. They tried to get some employment but did not get any as they were not educated. Suddenly Jaswanti said “Why work for someone? Let us give ourselves jobs.” Jaswanti with six of her sisters decided to roll out papads and sell them. They made a few packets of the papad that were sold almost immediately. Their original investment was Rs.80 borrowed from a social worker.Opportunity and the desire to beat poverty was the one thing that was common among these women and many others in that area. The number of women who wanted to participate in this enterprise had already grown in few months. They had one problem though – the long and intense monsoons of Mumbai that made drying the papads difficult. They women found a unique way of drying the papads – a charpai (a jute woven cot) and stoves. To their credit they put their heart into their product and never let the quality slip.The net work and the fame of the product spread slowly first within Mumbai and then in the western regions of the country. The consistency of the quality and the fact that it was going towards helping needy families appealed to the customer. Eventually after witnessing the tremendous success of their world-famous papads they tried their hands on khakhra (1974), masala (1976), Vadi, wheat atta, and bakery products (1979) and successfully set up flour mills (1975), printing division (1977) and polypropylene packing division (1978). However, they did continue to have some unsuccessful ventures such as cottage leather (1979), matches (1979), and agarbattis (incense sticks).Throughout these struggles what made Lijjat papad grow was not only the idea that Jaswabntiben started the business with but also its sustainable model that provided large-scale employment to rural women, who are illiterate but skilled. Indeed, Padmashri holder Jaswantiben Jamnadas Popat deserves the appreciation by the government of India that she received on 26th January 2021, Indian Republic Day for the contribution she made with a business in her own right and continues to lead at 91.Today Lijjat papad has a turnover of more than Rs.1600 crores selling in India and internationally. The vision of one woman created wealth and livelihood for so many more and provided the customer a taste of home in far away lands. We salute the Shakthi Jaswantiben for being a successful business woman and providing employment to so many more. Jaswantiben got the Padmashri from the Government in 2021.
-
Pappamal
IntroductionIn the lush landscapes of Tamil Nadu, where agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy and culture, organic farming is gaining momentum as a sustainable alternative to conventional practices. One notable figure in this movement is Pappamal, an inspiring organic farmer whose dedication and innovation have made significant contributions to sustainable agriculture in the region. This essay explores her journey, methods, challenges, and the broader impact of her work.Early Life and BackgroundPappamal hails from a traditional farming family in Tamil Nadu. Growing up amidst the verdant fields, she developed a deep appreciation for agriculture and the land. However, like many farmers, she witnessed the adverse effects of chemical farming practices on the environment, health, and soil quality. This realization prompted her to seek a more sustainable approach to farming.Embracing Sustainable PracticesPappamal`s transition to organic farming began with extensive research and learning from local experts and successful organic farmers. She embraced practices such as crop rotation, composting, and natural pest control. By avoiding synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, she aimed to restore soil health and enhance biodiversity on her farm.Cultivation TechniquesIn her quest for organic certification, Pappamal implemented various innovative techniques. She introduced intercropping and agroforestry, which not only improved soil fertility but also provided a diverse ecosystem that supported beneficial insects and wildlife. Pappamal also focused on heirloom varieties of crops, preserving indigenous seeds that are well-adapted to local conditions.Economic ViabilityOne of the primary challenges Pappamal faced in her journey was the economic viability of organic farming. Initially, the transition meant lower yields, and she struggled with the financial implications of this shift. However, through perseverance and dedication, she slowly built a customer base willing to pay a premium for organic produce.Climate and Environmental ChallengesPappamal also had to contend with climate-related challenges, including erratic rainfall and increasing temperatures. She adopted water conservation techniques and planted drought-resistant crops to mitigate these effects, demonstrating resilience and adaptability.Empowering Local FarmersPappamal`s success inspired other local farmers to explore organic practices. She became a mentor, conducting workshops and sharing her knowledge about sustainable farming techniques. This ripple effect has fostered a community of environmentally conscious farmers who prioritize soil health and biodiversity.Health and NutritionHer commitment to organic farming has not only enhanced environmental health but also improved the nutrition of local communities. Pappamal`s produce is free from harmful chemicals, contributing to better health outcomes for consumers. Her efforts highlight the importance of food security and nutrition in rural areas.ConclusionPappamal stands as a beacon of hope and innovation in Tamil Nadu`s agricultural landscape. Her journey from traditional to organic farming reflects a broader shift towards sustainable practices that prioritize environmental health and community well-being. Through her determination and commitment, she has not only transformed her own farm but also empowered others to embrace a more sustainable future. Pappamal`s story is a testament to the power of individual action in creating lasting change in the agricultural sector. In 2021, Pappammal was awarded the Padma Shri, India`s fourth highest civilian award. She passed away recently, in Sep 2024 at the ripe age of 109, leaving behind her wisdom for the farmers and agriculturists.
-
Savitribai Phule
Shakthis Who Shaped our Society#5 Savithribai Phule – The mother of the abandoned (1831-1897)The small girls were running around during their school break. A middle aged lady was looking at the children with a contented smile. This was a not a scene in a school in the 21st century. It was a scene at a school in the late 1800s. A middle aged lady was looking at the children with a contented smile. Savthirbai Phule – the protector of women in children was a phenomenon in Maharastra in the late 19th century. Savithribai Phule was happy to see her children in their element.Heralded as the mother of Indian feminism, Savitribai Phule spent her life in the service of poor and downtrodden. Her work in the education and upliftment of women and widows was particularly notable especially she lived in a conservative society.Savitribai Phule was a trailblazer in providing education for girls and for ostracized portions of society. She became the first female teacher in India (1848) and opened a school for girls with her husband, Jyotirao Phule. Savitribai went on to establish a shelter (1864) for destitute women and played a crucial role in grooming Jyotirao Phule’s pioneering institution, Satyashodhak Samaj, (1873) that fought for equality of all classes.Her life is heralded as a beacon of women’s rights in India. She is often referred to as the mother of Indian feminism.Early yearsSavitribai was born in Naigaon, a small village in the state of Maharashtra, India. As a young girl, Savitribai displayed a strong sense of curiosity and ambition. Savitribai was married to Jyotirao Phule in 1840 at the age of nine and become a child bride. She moved to Pune with him soon after.Savitribai could not read but carried a book. Impressed by her desire to learn, Jyotirao taught her how to read and write. Later Savitribai did a teachers’ training course at Ahmednagar and Pune. She became a qualified teacher after finishing her 4th examimation in 1847.Pioneer of Women’s upliftmentDetermined to change the condition of women in the country, Savitribai, along with Jyotirao, a man of social reform himself, opened a school for girls in 1848. She became the first female teacher of India.In 1853, Savitribai and Jyotirao established an education society that opened more schools for girls and women from all classes, in surrounding villages.Mother of the OppressedOppressed classes were forbidden from drinking water from the common village well. Jyotirao and Savitribai dug a well in their own backyard for them to drink water from. This move created a serious back lash then.Sympathising with the plight of widows in India, Savitribai opened a shelter for them in 1854. After years of continuous reform, she paved the way to build a large shelter in 1864 for destitute women, widows and child brides cast aside by their families. She educated them all. She also adopted Yashwantrao, the son of a widow sheltered in this institution.The bubonic plague spread across Maharashtra in 1897. Not one to be a mere spectator, Savitribai rushed to affected areas to help. She opened a clinic for plague victims in Hadapsar, Pune. Social ReformerSavitribai was instrumental in shaping Satyashodhak Samaj, The Truthseeker’s Society, a brainchild of Jyotirao’s. The Samaj primarily aimed at eliminating discrimination and the need for social order. In 1873, Savitribai started the practice of Satyashodhak Marriage, where couples took an oath of education and equality.Defying social norms, she lit her husband’s pyre when he died.AwardsHer efforts didn’t go unnoticed. She was declared to be the best teacher in the state by the British government in 1852. She received further praise from the government in 1853 for her work in the field of education.While carrying a 10-year-old plague victim to the clinic in her arms, she contracted the disease herself. On March 10, 1897, Savitribai Phule breathed her last.We salue this Shakthi Savitribai Phule who brought the light of education and hope to the many.
-
Salamurada Thimakka
Shakthis Who Shaped our Society#4 Salumarada Thimakka: The mother of 8000 treesIntroductionThe banyans looked at each other and shook their branches in happiness. They saw their mother walking under their shad to visit one of their younger brothers. The lady, aged but happy and content was looking around the tree laden area with contentment and happiness. Meet Salumarada Thimakka.Salumarada Thimakka, often referred to as the “Tree Lady” of India, is a remarkable environmentalist known for her extraordinary dedication to afforestation and conservation. Born in 1910 in the state of Karnataka, Thimakka has become a symbol of perseverance and commitment to the environment, inspiring many with her selfless work. Her life story highlights the importance of grassroots activism in combating deforestation and climate change.Early Life and StrugglesThimakka was born into a humble family in a rural village. From a young age, she faced the challenges of poverty and limited access to education. However, these difficulties did not deter her spirit. After marrying her husband, she encountered the heart-wrenching struggle of infertility. Instead of succumbing to despair, Thimakka channeled her energy into nurturing the land around her.Birthing the treesThimakka and her husband took a very radical step of growing trees as their children. Thimakka began her mission to plant trees. With her husband, she started planting saplings along the roadside near her village, primarily focusing on banyan trees. Over the years, she single-handedly planted over 8,000 trees. This endeavor was not only a labor of love but also a means to combat soil erosion and improve the ecological health of her community.Environmental ImpactThimakka’s efforts have significantly transformed the landscape of her region. The trees she planted have provided shade, improved air quality, and created habitats for various species. Her work has also raised awareness about the importance of trees in combating climate change. By creating green corridors, Thimakka has helped restore the balance of nature in her area, demonstrating the profound impact of individual action on the environment.Recognition and AwardsDespite her humble beginnings, Thimakka’s dedication has garnered national and international recognition. She has received several awards, including the prestigious “Namma Ooru Namma Maatu” award and the “Tree Ambassador” title from the government of Karnataka. These accolades not only honor her contributions but also highlight the urgent need for sustainable practices and environmental stewardship. She received the Padma Shri award in 2019 and was featured by BBC for her effortsLessons and InspirationThimakka’s journey is a testament to the power of perseverance and passion. Her life teaches valuable lessons about environmental responsibility, community engagement, and the impact of grassroots activism. She inspires individuals, especially women, to take initiative in their communities, regardless of their socio-economic status. Her story emphasizes that anyone can make a difference, regardless of their background or resources.Conclusion Salumarada Thimakka stands as a beacon of hope in the fight against environmental degradation. Her tireless efforts in tree planting and conservation reflect a deep commitment to the planet and future generations. As the world grapples with climate change, her life serves as a reminder of the significance of local actions and the profound impact one individual can have. Thimakka is not just an environmentalist; she is a symbol of resilience, hope, and the enduring spirit of humanity’s connection to nature.
-
Rukmini Devi Arundale
Shakthis Who Shaped our Society#2 Rukmini Devi Arundale – An Artist and a path breaker (1904 -1986)An idyllic afternoon in hot and humid Chennai. You see young girls and boys learning under a huge banyan tree. What are they learning? The ancient art of Bharatanatyam – propounded by Bharatha Muni and a dance form that Lord Shiva and Devi Parvati were fond of.Was this art form always available so easily to everyone? Was it enjoyed and admired by so many? No. This revolution was brought about by a single woman who made it her life mission and institutionalized the learning and practice of this art form – Rukmini Devi Arundale.Rukmini Devi Arundale, the founder of the great institution of dance ‘Kalakshetra’, a lover of animals and traditional textiles and the one who turned down the highest office in the country – being President of India. “I was very intuitive from an early age. I responded to people just as I responded to art – through an inner feeling which is difficult to explain. I just felt some things were right and some were not…” Rukmini- the TheosophistBorn on Leap Day, February 29, Rukmini was initiated at a very early age into the teachings of the Theosophical Society by her father, Neelakanta Sastry. Her childhood was spent in the environment of the Theosophical Society, inspired by people like Dr. Annie Besant. This was to shape her life. She remained close and connected to the Theosophical Society, marrying Dr. George Arundale, a distinguished theosophist. Rukmini – the DancerRukmini’s fascination with dance came when she watched the ballet by the legendary the Russian ballet dancer Anna Pavlova. She did learn ballet and aced it. She then turned towards the Indian dance form – then known as Thevaraatam / Sathiraatam. This art form was considered lowly at the time and restricted to certain communities. It was performed by private audiences or in temples by these practicing women.Sathiraatam (as Bharatanatyam was known before 1932) seems to was refined art form as evidenced by South Indian temple sculptures right from the 6th century. However, somewhere during the 16th-17th centuries, the dance form had been derogated to that which is performed by temple harlots and courtesans. Sadiraattam to Bharatanatyam- The RenamingThanks to the efforts of Rukmini and E.Krishna Iyer, this art form got its respectable name as Bharatanayam in 1932 by the Madras Music Academy. Bha = Bhavam; ra = feelings/ emotions; ra= melody; tam = thalam/rhythm; Natyam = dance.History in the makingRukmini gave her first Bharatnatyam performance at the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of the Theosophical Society in 1935.She faced a violent backlash for a upper caste woman doing a public performance. Many threatened to not only boycott but also disrupt the event. She weathered the storm with her commitment and resolve. Those who were present in the open air Adyar Theatre (of the Theosophical Society) on that day in 1935, were mesmerized by the spiritual quality of her dance. Sir C V Raman, the Nobel Laureate said, “some of you, I hope – for your sakes all of you – must have been thrilled by what you just witnessed… grace brought down from the heights of the Himalayas and put on the earth of this platform”. That day, she created history and completely changed the course of the art. It was the first time a dance performance was presented as a stage performance, with the main idea of propounding the aesthetic beauty of the dance. The accompanying musicians were relegated to the back ground with the focus on the dancer. The earlier practice was everyone moving. This was accentuated with a plain screen in the back and aesthetic dressing and jewellery and not provocative as earlier. She was ushering in a period of renaissance in this art. Kalakshetra – The BirthRukmini strongly felt that a cultural revival, renaissance would greatly aid the freedom struggle of India. She was not satisfied with just performing herself. She wanted more and more young people to learn and revive the traditional arts of the country. This urge in her gave birth to the esteemed institution – Kalakshetra.Kalakshetra was the dream child of Rukmini- a space for the expression of youth through artistic education, a center for the study and performance of fine arts. She wrote, “When I think about the events that led to the formation of Kalakshetra, I am more and more convinced that there is a divine destiny which shapes our lives. Many people have said many things about my being a pioneer. I can only say that I did not consciously go after the dance. It was the dance that found me.”The rhythms of Bharatanatyam in the Kalakshetra style may be heard on almost every continent on the earth. The more than 30 dance dramas which she composed, are still being performed with reverence and strict adherence to her choreography. They retain their freshness and beauty and the power to entrance audiences and to create a sense of the temple on the stage, which was her intention. She brought alive mythology and lore through the finest sensibilities in art – be it in costumes, music, and stagecraft and of course in the dance itself.No to PresidentshipPrime Minister Moraji Desai, nominated her to become the President of India, she immediately declined the offer. Her response was simple and clear. If she were to become President, it would take her away from her work, from Kalakshetra and she could not let that happen as she believed that the art and the institution needed her complete attention.A Champion for the VoicelessRukmini Devi also championed for the welfare of animals. She felt, “the whole animal world is sending out one cry for help which very few human beings are answering.”. As a member of the Rajya Sabha she was instrumental in passing the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. And in 1957 the first World Vegetarian Congress was held in India under her Presidentship. “Animals are my friends and I do not eat my friends” was a line she often repeated, once even at the dinner table of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. An aesthetic eye for beautyInvolved in the revival of crafts, Rukmini established the weaving centre in Kalakshetra to help bring back traditional designs, colours and motifs along with traditional weaving practices. Whether it was the six yards of fabric or the 100 acres of land, she was a master architect who designed with the belief that beauty was in the detail, which had to be in tune with the composite (she preferred to use the phrase “in shruti”). Even today the Rukmini Devi saree is a famous weave that women aspire for. We salute this artist, animal lover, reviver of tradition and a greate human being - Shakti -Rukmini Devi
-
Bangalore Nagarathnamma
Shakthis Who Shaped our Society #1 Bangalore Nagarathnamma – An Artist and a philanthropist (1878 -1952) Did you know that Bangalore Nagarthnamma was the first ever woman to pay taxes in the 1900s and was the first woman to go overseas to perform a concert and the first woman to have male accompanists for her concerts? This brave lady had many more credits to her name. She was a multi linguist, a singer, a dancer and also a writer. An interesting and talented lady even today but imagine what she would have been 100 years ago. Early childhood and career Nagarathnamma broke many barriers that were considered male bastions in those days. As a child she was abandoned by her father and found refuge with her uncle. Originally from Nanjangud near Mysore, she moved to Bengaluru where she learnt English, Sanskrit, Telugu and Kannada. She also became very proficient in singing and dancing. Over the years, many princely states including that of Mysore, Travancore and Vijayanagara patronised her art. (In those days, the artistes were patronised by rich people or the princely states.) On the advice of one of her mentors, Nagarathnamma moved to Chennai, where she became well known as Bangalore Nagarathnamma where her origins became like a prefix. She became extremely popular and successful. So much so that she became the first woman artist to pay income tax in Madras (now Chennai). Thyagaraja Aradhana and Bangalore Nagarthnamma As a performing artist, Bangalore Nagarathnamma visited the samadhi (place of death) of Saint Thyagaraja. (Saint Thyagaraja is considered as one of the three pillars of Carnatic music (a southern music tradition). He has composed thousands of songs on many deities , his favourite being Lord Shriram. His compositions were regularly sung by performing artistes and also by dancers. ) Nagarathnamma as a doyen of south Indian music would have rightfully used many of these during her performances. She was very sad to see the condition of the samadhi of Thyagaraja Swamy. Being a leader she enquired why it was in that state. The reason for this was the usual state of rivalry and factional fights. Nagarathnamma was told that the disciples of her Guru Bidaram Krishnappa – Sundara Bhagavathar and Krishna Bhagavathar – were conducting annual festivals at the birth place of the saint. As with many groups, difference of opinions and ego issues cropped up and they split up. There were two factions performing but the upkeep of the samadhi was derelict. Resurrecting the Samadhi Instead of waiting for others to do anything, Nagarathnamma decided to take matters into her hands and build a place of worship for this great saint composer. How to get the money? She was not worried. She sold all her possessions and acquired the land on which the samadhi stood. She consecrated it with an image of the Saint composer and built a temple and ensured proper rituals were conducted. All she wanted to do was give this saint composer the respect that he deserved and a place for performing artistes to pay homage. Were people happy and praised her? Surprise, surprise – No. Starting the third group The year was 1926. The temple construction and consecration were over. The two rival factions were performing music but did not let the Nagarathnamma perform. The men did not allow her to perform concerts or even her core area of Harikatha (reciting puranic stories with some music). This despite the fact that the entire area was revived thanks to this one lady. This is where the iron will of this great lady came into the picture. Born in 1878, Nagarathnamma was now nearing 50 years of age. She had fame, wealth, talent and courage. She did not let a group of men decide what should be done. She decided that if the men can have two factions, she will start a third faction – a Women’s wing so to speak. What an absolutely courageous thing to do at that time!! To the horror of the two male factions, the women’s concerts became more popular and sought after. We can be sure that the men felt even more upset now. Nagarathnamma did not stop there. She petitioned the courts for her right over the temple as she had single handedly funded it. Based on this, timing and worship rights were given by the courts. Uniting of the Fighting factions In 1940, due to the efforts of one SY Krishnaswami, the factions were united and a single Thyagaraja festival was inaugurated with five of his songs being picked up for a group singing on the day of his death. Nagarathnamma spent the rest of her days at Thiruvayyaru near Saint Thyagaraja’s samadhi. She is buried near him and a statue in her memory has been erected there. Shakthis Who Shaped our Society #1 Bangalore Nagarathnamma – An Artist and a philanthropist (1878 -1952) Did you know that Bangalore Nagarthnamma was the first ever woman to pay taxes in the 1900s and was the first woman to go overseas to perform a concert and the first woman to have male accompanists for her concerts? This brave lady had many more credits to her name. She was a multi linguist, a singer, a dancer and also a writer. An interesting and talented lady even today but imagine what she would have been 100 years ago. Early childhood and career Nagarathnamma broke many barriers that were considered male bastions in those days. As a child she was abandoned by her father and found refuge with her uncle. Originally from Nanjangud near Mysore, she moved to Bengaluru where she learnt English, Sanskrit, Telugu and Kannada. She also became very proficient in singing and dancing. Over the years, many princely states including that of Mysore, Travancore and Vijayanagara patronised her art. (In those days, the artistes were patronised by rich people or the princely states.) On the advice of one of her mentors, Nagarathnamma moved to Chennai, where she became well known as Bangalore Nagarathnamma where her origins became like a prefix. She became extremely popular and successful. So much so that she became the first woman artist to pay income tax in Madras (now Chennai). Thyagaraja Aradhana and Bangalore Nagarthnamma As a performing artist, Bangalore Nagarathnamma visited the samadhi (place of death) of Saint Thyagaraja. (Saint Thyagaraja is considered as one of the three pillars of Carnatic music (a southern music tradition). He has composed thousands of songs on many deities , his favourite being Lord Shriram. His compositions were regularly sung by performing artistes and also by dancers. ) Nagarathnamma as a doyen of south Indian music would have rightfully used many of these during her performances. She was very sad to see the condition of the samadhi of Thyagaraja Swamy. Being a leader she enquired why it was in that state. The reason for this was the usual state of rivalry and factional fights. Nagarathnamma was told that the disciples of her Guru Bidaram Krishnappa – Sundara Bhagavathar and Krishna Bhagavathar – were conducting annual festivals at the birth place of the saint. As with many groups, difference of opinions and ego issues cropped up and they split up. There were two factions performing but the upkeep of the samadhi was derelict. Resurrecting the Samadhi Instead of waiting for others to do anything, Nagarathnamma decided to take matters into her hands and build a place of worship for this great saint composer. How to get the money? She was not worried. She sold all her possessions and acquired the land on which the samadhi stood. She consecrated it with an image of the Saint composer and built a temple and ensured proper rituals were conducted. All she wanted to do was give this saint composer the respect that he deserved and a place for performing artistes to pay homage. Were people happy and praised her? Surprise, surprise – No. Starting the third group The year was 1926. The temple construction and consecration were over. The two rival factions were performing music but did not let the Nagarathnamma perform. The men did not allow her to perform concerts or even her core area of Harikatha (reciting puranic stories with some music). This despite the fact that the entire area was revived thanks to this one lady. This is where the iron will of this great lady came into the picture. Born in 1878, Nagarathnamma was now nearing 50 years of age. She had fame, wealth, talent and courage. She did not let a group of men decide what should be done. She decided that if the men can have two factions, she will start a third faction – a Women’s wing so to speak. What an absolutely courageous thing to do at that time!! To the horror of the two male factions, the women’s concerts became more popular and sought after. We can be sure that the men felt even more upset now. Nagarathnamma did not stop there. She petitioned the courts for her right over the temple as she had single handedly funded it. Based on this, timing and worship rights were given by the courts. Uniting of the Fighting factions In 1940, due to the efforts of one SY Krishnaswami, the factions were united and a single Thyagaraja festival was inaugurated with five of his songs being picked up for a group singing on the day of his death. Nagarathnamma spent the rest of her days at Thiruvayyaru near Saint Thyagaraja’s samadhi. She is buried near him and a statue in her memory has been erected there. Shakthis Who Shaped our Society #1 Bangalore Nagarathnamma – An Artist and a philanthropist (1878 -1952) Did you know that Bangalore Nagarthnamma was the first ever woman to pay taxes in the 1900s and was the first woman to go overseas to perform a concert and the first woman to have male accompanists for her concerts? This brave lady had many more credits to her name. She was a multi linguist, a singer, a dancer and also a writer. An interesting and talented lady even today but imagine what she would have been 100 years ago. Early childhood and career Nagarathnamma broke many barriers that were considered male bastions in those days. As a child she was abandoned by her father and found refuge with her uncle. Originally from Nanjangud near Mysore, she moved to Bengaluru where she learnt English, Sanskrit, Telugu and Kannada. She also became very proficient in singing and dancing. Over the years, many princely states including that of Mysore, Travancore and Vijayanagara patronised her art. (In those days, the artistes were patronised by rich people or the princely states.) On the advice of one of her mentors, Nagarathnamma moved to Chennai, where she became well known as Bangalore Nagarathnamma where her origins became like a prefix. She became extremely popular and successful. So much so that she became the first woman artist to pay income tax in Madras (now Chennai). Thyagaraja Aradhana and Bangalore Nagarthnamma As a performing artist, Bangalore Nagarathnamma visited the samadhi (place of death) of Saint Thyagaraja. (Saint Thyagaraja is considered as one of the three pillars of Carnatic music (a southern music tradition). He has composed thousands of songs on many deities , his favourite being Lord Shriram. His compositions were regularly sung by performing artistes and also by dancers. ) Nagarathnamma as a doyen of south Indian music would have rightfully used many of these during her performances. She was very sad to see the condition of the samadhi of Thyagaraja Swamy. Being a leader she enquired why it was in that state. The reason for this was the usual state of rivalry and factional fights. Nagarathnamma was told that the disciples of her Guru Bidaram Krishnappa – Sundara Bhagavathar and Krishna Bhagavathar – were conducting annual festivals at the birth place of the saint. As with many groups, difference of opinions and ego issues cropped up and they split up. There were two factions performing but the upkeep of the samadhi was derelict. Resurrecting the Samadhi Instead of waiting for others to do anything, Nagarathnamma decided to take matters into her hands and build a place of worship for this great saint composer. How to get the money? She was not worried. She sold all her possessions and acquired the land on which the samadhi stood. She consecrated it with an image of the Saint composer and built a temple and ensured proper rituals were conducted. All she wanted to do was give this saint composer the respect that he deserved and a place for performing artistes to pay homage. Were people happy and praised her? Surprise, surprise – No. Starting the third group The year was 1926. The temple construction and consecration were over. The two rival factions were performing music but did not let the Nagarathnamma perform. The men did not allow her to perform concerts or even her core area of Harikatha (reciting puranic stories with some music). This despite the fact that the entire area was revived thanks to this one lady. This is where the iron will of this great lady came into the picture. Born in 1878, Nagarathnamma was now nearing 50 years of age. She had fame, wealth, talent and courage. She did not let a group of men decide what should be done. She decided that if the men can have two factions, she will start a third faction – a Women’s wing so to speak. What an absolutely courageous thing to do at that time!! To the horror of the two male factions, the women’s concerts became more popular and sought after. We can be sure that the men felt even more upset now. Nagarathnamma did not stop there. She petitioned the courts for her right over the temple as she had single handedly funded it. Based on this, timing and worship rights were given by the courts. Uniting of the Fighting factions In 1940, due to the efforts of one SY Krishnaswami, the factions were united and a single Thyagaraja festival was inaugurated with five of his songs being picked up for a group singing on the day of his death. Nagarathnamma spent the rest of her days at Thiruvayyaru near Saint Thyagaraja’s samadhi. She is buried near him and a statue in her memory has been erected there. Today the festival is conducted with aplomb where every musician – novice, aspiring, experienced and the famous – wants to be seen and heard by the thousands who visit this place during the Thyagaraja memorial festival. The festival is not only conducted at Thiruvayyaru but in places across India and even globally. To think the legacy that this great lady left behind has survived and thrived for so many years shows how much of a visionary she was. The legacy of Bangalore Nagarathnamma is something that every musician reveres and remembers. A great lady by all accounts. Our pranams to this Shakthi.Today the festival is conducted with aplomb where every musician – novice, aspiring, experienced and the famous – wants to be seen and heard by the thousands who visit this place during the Thyagaraja memorial festival. The festival is not only conducted at Thiruvayyaru but in places across India and even globally. To think the legacy that this great lady left behind has survived and thrived for so many years shows how much of a visionary she was. The legacy of Bangalore Nagarathnamma is something that every musician reveres and remembers. A great lady by all accounts. Our pranams to this Shakthi.Today the festival is conducted with aplomb where every musician – novice, aspiring, experienced and the famous – wants to be seen and heard by the thousands who visit this place during the Thyagaraja memorial festival. The festival is not only conducted at Thiruvayyaru but in places across India and even globally. To think the legacy that this great lady left behind has survived and thrived for so many years shows how much of a visionary she was. The legacy of Bangalore Nagarathnamma is something that every musician reveres and remembers. A great lady by all accounts. Our pranams to this Shakthi.
-
Bachendri Pal
ShailaPutriShakthis Who Shaped our Society#1 Bachendri PalThe mountains were majestic and silent. They have stood there for eons and watched humans try their luck at conquering them. With some they have been gentle and kind. With some they have been harsh and punishing. But the sheer presence of the mountains was an aspiration for every person. While the entire Himalaya range is beautiful and challenging, the tallest of them Mount Everest is every mountaineers dream.From Bharat it was mostly the brave men who made the feat. All this changed in 1984 when Bachendri Pal summitted at Mount Everest to be the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest. Born in a small village in Uttarakand, Bachendri Pal has said in many interviews that mountaineering taught her many life skills. The journeyAspiring to do something in a male dominated sphere was not easy. She has spoken about her struggles in many interviews.She has had set backs, but never gave up. Her mantra for success “Focus”.She climbed Everest with only three years of training in professional mountaineering. She did not want to let go of the opportunity. The momentThis is what Bachendri Pal has said about the moment when she summitted (Interview to Garhwal post).“I’ve no words to express the feeling. I was so excited, thrilled, and full of positivity. It was risky, but the biggest risk is not taking any risk. The expedition had its bitter-sweet memories. It made me believe whatever you do or achieve in life, you do with the support of others. Others helped you in a small or big way; that is why you have achieved. Never cease to display gratitude. Simultaneously, bear a blazing fighting spirit and a relentless attitude to not give up despite all hardships.”Bachendri Pal was awarded the Padma Bhushan for her incredible feat.On the first day of Navarathri, we celebrate the Navadurga Shailaputri. Shailaputri means the daughter of the mountains. Who better than BachendriPal can be the Shailaputri!!